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The Conceptions of Customs Duty and the Customs System as an Insrument of Protectionism
Ihnatiev M. M.

Ihnatiev, Mykhailo M. (2025) “The Conceptions of Customs Duty and the Customs System as an Insrument of Protectionism.” Business Inform 5:78–85.
https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2025-5-78-85

Section: International Economic Relations

UDC 339.543.12.435

Abstract:
The article discusses the main conceptions of customs duty and the customs system as instruments of economic protectionism, which play a key role in shaping and implementing the foreign economic policy of the State. The author examines the historical development of customs instruments, their classification, and application in various countries, including Ukraine, the European Union, the USA, China, and Canada. Special attention is given to the analysis of tariff and non-tariff barriers used to protect national production, stimulate the localization of production, and regulate foreign trade in the context of globalization. The study uses a comparative approach that highlights the peculiarities of the protectionist strategies of Ukraine and the EU, as well as assesses the efficiency of existing customs measures in the context of international obligations and internal economic challenges. The stages of customs reform in Ukraine have been analyzed, along with the issues of automation and the fight against corruption in the customs system, as well as the impact of customs duties on the State budget revenue. The author also illuminates modern trends and challenges, particularly the role of the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) program, the implementation of digital risk management systems, and the significance of a balanced customs policy in ensuring the competitiveness of the national economy. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of flexible models of protectionism that combine protective measures with export support and the development of strategic sectors. The conclusions of the article are of practical significance for shaping an effective customs policy in Ukraine, which will contribute to enhancing the level of integration into the European and global trade space, strengthening national security, and ensuring stable economic development.

Keywords: customs, protectionism, customs system, trade barriers, customs tariff, non-tariff barriers, EU, Ukraine, harmonization.

Tabl.: 7. Bibl.: 14.

Ihnatiev Mykhailo M. – Postgraduate Student, Education and Research Institute «Karazin Institute of International Relations and Travel Business» of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (6 Svobody Square, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine)
Email: [email protected]

List of references in article

[Legal Act of Ukraine] (2012). https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4495-17
Derzhavna mytna sluzhba Ukrainy. https://customs.gov.ua
World Trade Organization. https://www.wto.org
The European Commission's trade and economic security department. https://trade.ec.europa.eu
Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy. https://ukrstat.gov.ua
United States International Trade Commission (USITC). https://www.usitc.gov
UNCTAD (Non-Tariff Measures Report). https://unctad.org/topic/trade-analysis/non-tariff-measures
Transparency International. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi
“EU AEO Guidelines“. https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs-4_en
Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. https://english.mofcom.gov.cn/
“Regulation (EU) no. 952/2013“. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32013R0952
U.S. Department of Commerce (solar tariffs). https://www.trade.gov/
Hrebelnyk, O. P. Mytna sprava [Customs]. Kyiv: Tsentr navchalnoi literatury, 2021.
Honchar, A. R. “Mytna polityka Ukrainy: evoliutsiinyi rozvytok ta otsinka efektyvnosti realizatsii“ [Customs Policy of Ukraine: Evolutionary Development and Assessment of Implementation Effectiveness]. Ternopil, 2024. https://dspace.wunu.edu.ua/bitstream/316497/52990/1/Гончар.pdf

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