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Evolution of Urban Spaces: The Global Development Models
Romanovska Y. A.

Romanovska, Yuliia A. (2025) “Evolution of Urban Spaces: The Global Development Models.” Business Inform 2:76–82.
https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2025-2-76-82

Section: Foreign Experience

UDC 711.4:316.42](100)

Abstract:
The aim of the article is to explore and systematize contemporary trends in the development of urban spaces: from «digital» to «smart» city. Special attention is given to the analysis of a new approach to urban progress – the conception of «wise city», which focuses on the individual human being as the primary priority. The article analyzes the main differences between the conceptions of digital, smart, and wise cities. It is substantiated that the digital city is concentrated on the implementation of technology for the automation of processes and the improvement of infrastructure, the smart city uses data and innovations to optimize resources and enhance quality of life, while the wise city emphasizes harmonious development, taking into account the social, cultural, and ethical aspects of citizens’ lives. Thus, the evolution of the urban environment is directed from technological solutions to a comprehensive, human-centered approach. The research materials provide examples of «digital» cities (in Tallinn, the e-Estonia system has been implemented, which ensures online access to public services, reducing bureaucracy and accelerating administrative processes); further on, «smart» cities (in Barcelona, a smart lighting system has been introduced that automatically adjusts the brightness of streetlights, reducing electricity consumption and the city’s expenses), and «wise» cities (in Vienna, a social housing program operates that ensures the availability of quality housing for citizens, combining technological innovations with social justice). Thus, the development of cities occurs through three stages: from digitalization (digital city) to optimization of urban processes (smart city) and integration of social and environmental aspects (wise city). The wise city is an evolutionary extension of the smart city, as it not only utilizes technologies but also considers humanitarian, social, and environmental factors. Successful cities of the future must combine technological innovations, sustainable development, and active community participation, creating a comfortable environment for all residents.

Keywords: digital city, smart city, wise city, city.

Tabl.: 1. Bibl.: 21.

Romanovska Yuliia A. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Finance, Vinnytsia Trade and Economic Institute of the State Trade and Economic University (87 Soborna Str., Vinnytsia, 21050, Ukraine)
Email: [email protected]

List of references in article

Ushenko, N., and Tupika, A. “Stalyi rozvytok mist Ukrainy v umovakh hlobalizatsii: zarubizhni ta vitchyzniani pidkhody“ [Sustainable Development of Ukrainian Cities in the Context of Globalization: Foreign and Domestic Approaches]. Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences, no. 1 (2025): 354-362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2025-338-52
Krysovatyi, I. A. “Osoblyvosti urbanistyky v umovakh tsyfrovoi ekonomiky“ [Peculiarities of Urban Planning in the Digital Economy]. Biznes Inform, no. 2 (2024): 105-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2024-2-105-110
Yershova, O. L., and Bazhan, L. I. “Rozumne misto - kontseptsiia, modeli, tekhnolohii, standartyzatsiia“ [Smart City - Concept, Models, Technologies, Standardization]. Statystyka Ukrainy, no. 2-3 (2020): 68-76. DOI: 10.31767/su.2-3(89-90)2020.02-03.08
Bitiuk, I., and Paskal, L. “Rehionalnyi menedzhment: rozvytok rozumnykh mist Ukrainy“ [Regional Management: Development of Smart Cities in Ukraine]. Ekonomika ta suspilstvo, no. 69 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0072/2024-69-121
Nikitenko, V., and Vasylchuk, H. “Model tsyfrovoho mista yak chynnyk kreatyvnoho rozvytku“ [The Digital City Model as a Factor of Creative Development]. Humanities Studies, July (2022): 48-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26661/hst-2022-11-88-05
Mykhailova, K. V. “Priorytetni napriamy tsyfrovizatsii mist Ukrainy: metodychnyi pidkhid“ [Priority Areas of Digitalization of Ukrainian Cities: A Methodological Approach]. Stalyi rozvytok ekonomiky, no. 2 (2023): 146-149.
Tormakhova, A. “Tsyfrovyi obraz mista yak forma komunikatsii“ [The Digital Image of the City as a Form of Communication]. Ukrainski kulturolohichni studii, no. 2 (2022): 72-75.
“Smart City and Wise City“. https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/410204-smart-city-and-wise-city
Robert, F. Y., and Lieberknecht, K. “From smart cities to wise cities: ecological wisdom as a basis for sustainable urban development“. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, vol. 62, no. 10 (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2018.1484343
Kwi-Gon, Kim, and Massamba, Thioye. Planning Climate Smart and Wise Cities. A Multidisciplinary Approach. The Urban Book Series, 2022.
Costi, D. et al. “Smart City or Wise Town? Conversations on the City of the Fourth Industrial Revolution“. In Smart City: A Critical Assessment. The City Project, vol. 6. Springer, Cham., 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51288-9_3
“E-Estonia: tsyfrove upravlinnia Estonii“ [E-Estonia: Estonia's Digital Governance]. https://e-estonia.com/
Smart Nation Singapore. https://www.smartnation.gov.sg/
“Barcelona: Showcase of Smart City Dynamics“. https://smartcityhub.com/technology-innnovation/barcelona-showcase-smart-city-dynamics/
Smart City Expo World Congress. https://www.smartcityexpo.com
“Amsterdam Smart City“. https://amsterdamsmartcity.com/
CIDOB. https://www.cidob.org/en/projects/wise-cities
Josep, Maria Col. “Beyond Smart Cities: It's Time for Urban Sustainable Development“. Notes internacionals CIDOB, no. 92 (2014): 1-5.
“Startseite - Green City“. https://greencity.freiburg.de/pb/1450158.html
“Futures of Wise Cities“. https://www.mediaevolution.se/foresight-cycles/Futures-of-Wise-Cities
“Vienna wins 2025 Access City Award for leading the way in accessibility for persons with disabilities“. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/pl/ip_24_6101

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